Although it is very difficult to summarize a full lecture participation demonstration course in a few paragraphs here goes:

  1. Apply rubber dam.

  2. Make access cavity using round bur using the 'drill through and deroof technique'.

  3. Flush access very well. It is very embarrassing when the first file pushes a fleck of gold, amalgam or composite into the canal.

  4. Insert a #15 Fine Cut File into each canal until it stops.

    Note: With the Fine Cut Endo Hanpiece there is another option at this point. Simply use crown-down orifice opening and THEN do the measurement.

  5. Snap a quick xray with file in place.

  6. Develop in chairside developer.

  7. Clamp each file(in multi-canaled teeth) consecutively with a hemostat lying against the landmark.(This is far more accurate than using rubber stops)

  8. Remove file, measure with machinists digital caliper, note length on chart as H1 for that canal.

  9. Measure the distance from the tip of the file on the xray to the end of the canal on the xray. This is simple using a machinists optical comparator sticking the wet xray onto the glass millimeter grid. Note this as R1. Note: This distance may be distorted but the distortion is minimal.

  10. If the file appears to be short of the apex, move the file 80 percent of the rest of the way to the apex and repeat xray procedure until the distance to the apex is less than one millimeter. Record this new distance as H2 Repeat until within 1mm of the apex.

  11. Once you have determined apical length, probe the apex to full length using a Fine-Cut #15 hand file. Use Push-Pull Probing Technique.

  12. Using a #30 file, circumferentially file from the crown down until the file begins to bind. Now the canal is clean to that point.

  13. Using a #15 Fine Cut File in the Endo Contra-Angle, insert the file to within 1 mm of the apex and circumferential file spiralling outward(coronally) with each circuit of the circumference of the canal. Repeat this six or seven times. Now the canal is clean and patent. Total time elapsed...4-5 minutes.

  14. Now holding a #15 Fine Cut File in a hemostat(clamped at apical length) probe to the apex. Then repeat with a #20. This gives you a patent, clean canal. (Of course if the apex starts out larger than 15 then make it one size larger than it started.)

  15. The canal is ready to fill. Total files used...four. Two hand and two sonic.